The Crude Oil Distillation Engineering Essay

The Crude Oil Distillation Engineering Essay Essentially, the item created in this procedure can be categoried into 4 gathering, they are: light distillates, center distillates, overwhelming distillates and others. The case of light distillates are fluid oil gas (LPG), fuel, and lamp oil. Aside from that, the items that can be named center distillates are private warming fuel and aautomoblie diesel fills. Moreover, dugout fuel oils is a case of overwhelming distillataes, while oil cokes, greasing up oils and carban dark are different items in this refining procedure. The concise portrayal of unrefined petroleum refining unit (CDU) process is as follow. Most importantly, the approaching unrefined oils is warming up before it is entering the fractionation segment by heat exchanger. From that point onward, the raw petroleum will go through a gear, called desalter, to evacuate water beads and inorganic salts that contained in raw petroleum. At that point, it will be further warming by heat exchanger. Next, unrefined petroleum will enter a heater. At here, it will warm up to 330-350 Â °C. The unrefined petroleum at that point is flashed in the barometrical refining section. At here, it is isolated into various portion with a specific bubbling reach. At the point when each part in the refining segment arrives at a plate where the temperature is simply underneath its own breaking point, unrefined petroleum will be dense and changes over into fluid stage. Also, heaviest parts will consolidate on the lower plate and lighter divisions will gather on the higher plate in the section. At various heights in the section, the portions really can be drawn out on gravity through funnels, for additional handling in the treatment facility process by utilizing an exceptional plate canceled draw plate. The portion is drawn out from the top, side and base of the refining segment. These division is the items that delivered in this distallation procedure. Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU) For vacuum refining unit (VDU), its principle reason for existing is to isolate the heavier finished results, for example, vacuum gas oil and slop wax that is from the barometrical refining unit. The short depiction of the procedure is as follow. Most importantly, overwhelming unrefined petroleum is warmed by a progression of warmth exchanger and rough heater to the ideal temperature, which is 350-390 Â °C. From that point onward, the rough oils flashed into the vacuum refining section to isolate the overwhelming unrefined petroleum. The detachment is same as the partition in CDU process; light fumes ascend to the top and heavier hydrocarbon fluids tumble to the base. Next, rough steam is infused into the base of the refining segment to upgrade the division of lighter bubbling parts from the base fluid. At that point, Light fume gases are abtracted at the highest point of the refining section, it is dense and reused back to the segment as reflux. For light naphtha, it is drawn off and overabundance gases are sent to flare. Be that as it may, vacuum gas oil (VGO) and greasing up oils are drawn off and steered for additional treatment in hydrotreating units. Aside from that, vacuum buildup from the base of the refining segment is sent to middle of the road stockpiling or regularly to be additionally prepared in fluidic reactant splitting (FCC) process or deferred coking unit. Liquid Catalytic Cracking Liquid synergist breaking is the essential transformation process in oil treatment facility. It is the unit which uses a smaller scale spherodial impetus (zeolitic impetus) which fluidizes when appropriately circulated air through. The reason for this procedure is to change over high-bubbling oil portions (gas oil) to high-esteem, high-octane fuel and warming oil. This procedure utilizes the instrument called Circulating Fluidized Bed. This Circulating Fluidized Bed has quick fluidization system and furthermore useful for impetus is the size of under 0.2 mm. They are additionally astounding in Gas-strong powerful contact, Catalyst adequacy, Catalyst inner temperature control, and Catalyst recovery. The working qualities of this instrument are; Molecule Diameter = 150 mm Geldart Classification = A Temperature = 650 0C Weight = 100 kPa Shallow gas speed = 10 m/s Bed profundity = 0.85 m New feed stream rate = 300,000 kg/hr Impetus to oil proportion = 4.8 There are 6 stages of procedures that happen in FCC. Reactor, Riser, Cyclones, Stripper, Regenerator, Standpipe and Slide Valve. Right off the bat, the reactor execution, the feed oil enters the riser close to the base and contacts the approaching recovered impetus. At that point the splitting responses happen in the fume stage. The extended volume of fumes lifts the impetus and disintegrated oil rises. This response happens at an exceptionally fast, generally around a couple of moments seconds of contact time. Furthermore, the riser, which has breadth of 1.2 meters and stature of 36.6 meters, has a fitting stream with least back-blending. Steam is utilized to atomize the feed, this expands the accessibility of the feed. The outlet fume speed would reach up to 18 ms - 1. The hydrocarbon home time is 2 seconds. Followed by, Cyclones. It is situated toward the finish of riser to isolate the heft of the impetus from the fume. It utilizes a redirector gadget to turn impetus bearing descending. It will later experience two phase typhoons so as to isolate the staying of the impetus. It at that point restores the impetus to the stripper through the diplegs. The item fumes leave the tornados and stream to the principle fractionator section. At that point, the spent impetuses fall into the stripper. The important hydrocarbons are assimilated inside the impetus bed. Stripping steam, at a pace of 4 kg for every 1000 kg of circling impetus, is utilized to take the hydrocarbons from the impetus. The impetus level gives the weight head which permits the impetus to stream into the regenerator. The regenerator essentially has two capacities, one, reestablishes impetus action. Two, it supplies warmth to split the feed. Air is the wellspring of oxygen for the ignition of coke. The air blower with 1 m/s (3 ft/s) air speed to keep up the impetus bed in a fluidized state. Around 14 kPa (2 psi) compel drops in air wholesalers to guarantee positive wind current through all spouts. In standpipe and slide valve, it gives the important weight head expected to circle the impetus around the unit. The impetus thickness in standpipe is 642 kg/m3 (40 lbs/ft3). Slide valve is utilized to direct the stream pace of the recovered impetus to the riser. Slide valve work is to flexibly enough impetus to warm the take care of and accomplish the ideal reactor temperature. Hydrocracking process Unrefined petroleum experiences hydrocracking process in the wake of experiencing vacuum refining and coking forms. Hydrocracking process is a synergist concoction process utilized in oil treatment facilities for changing over the high-bubbling constituent hydrocarbons in oil unrefined oils to increasingly significant lower-bubbling items, for example, gas, lamp oil, fly fuel and diesel oil. The procedure happens in a hydrogen-rich air at raised temperatures (260 425 Â °C) and weights (35 200 bar). This procedure expels feed contaminants, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, metals. Hydrogenation happens in fixed hydrotreating impetus beds to improve hydrogen/carbon proportions. The size of the particles must diminish and the nuclear H/C proportion must increment if the items are to get useable as traditional fuel items. This is trailed by at least one reactors with fixed hydrocracking impetus beds to dealkylate sweet-smelling rings, open naphthene rings, and hydrocrack paraffin chains. S ignificant items from hydrocracking are stream fuel and diesel, while additionally high octane rating gas parts is delivered. Every one of these items have an exceptionally low substance of sulfur and different contaminants. Hydrocracking is regularly encouraged by a bifunctional impetus that is equipped for modifying and breaking hydrocarbon chains just as adding hydrogen to aromatics and olefins to create naphthenes and alkanes. This procedure splits the high-bubbling, high atomic weight hydrocarbons into lower-bubbling, lower sub-atomic weight olefinic and fragrant hydrocarbons and afterward hydrogenates them. Any sulfur and nitrogen present in the hydrocracking feedstock are, to a huge degree, likewise hydrogenated and structure vaporous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and alkali (NH3) which are in this way evacuated. The outcome is that the hydrocracking items are basically liberated from sulfur and nitrogen debasements and comprise generally of paraffinic hydrocarbons. Fundamentally, h ydrocracking process comprise of the parting or breaking of straight or cyclic hydrocarbons and hydrogenation of the messed up securities. Model: For futher insights regarding the yield and air, allude to the table underneath: Item Yield, volume% feed Air Light closures Shifts relying on destinations LPG Naphtha Fuel, synergist reformer Diesel Diesel All out volume yield 130 140 Gas oil transformation 60 99% They are two phases of hydrocracking unit; Single Stage Process and Multi Stage Hydrocracker. It is known as a solitary stage process when the rewarding advance is joined with the splitting response to happen in one reactor. The impetus utilized in a solitary stage process involves a hydrogenation work in mix with a solid splitting capacity. On account of high/full change is required, it gets important to change to a multi-stage process, in which the breaking response primarily happens in an additional reactor. Two forms of the multi stage hydrocracker have been created; two phase hydrocracker and arrangement stream hydrocracker. Both two phase and arrangement stream hydrocracking are adaptable procedure. The two phase process is increasingly specific since item made in the main reactor is expelled from the subsequent reactor feed. In arrangement stream activity, this item is mostly overcracked into lighter items in the subsequent reactor. Schematic of a two-phases hydrocraking unit HYDROTREATING PROCESS (Arranged by DING TIONG SOON, 10UEB01031) Hydrotreating innovation is utilized in treatment facility procedures to evacuate c

Leadership Style Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Administration Style - Term Paper Example This investigation drove him to the finish of three interesting styles of administration. (U.S Army Handbook) 1. Tyrant. 2. Participative. 3. Delegative. Dictator: A pioneer goes about as a tyrant when he requests or orders his laborers to play out a specific activity. For this situation, the individuals working under the pioneer need more information about the activity or undertaking that the pioneer needs them to do. They are not skilled enough or are unpracticed or not all that dependable to judge how to complete the given errand in the most ideal manner that meets the necessities and fulfillment of their pioneer. Consequently, the pioneer needs to totally guide them. There is nobody to guide or offer any sorts of thoughts to the pioneer. The pioneer himself needs to break down the dangers, disappointments and accomplishments of his choices and needs to actualize on it in solitude. Participative: The second style of a pioneer is participative, which as I would like to think is the most good and relevant style for an effective pioneer. As comprehended by its name, the pioneer additionally takes an interest in the work which he doles out to his laborers. Along these lines of driving, a pioneer shapes a well disposed environment of common collaboration and participation. The pioneer associates and works alongside his laborers, accepts their recommendation and proposals too. Nonetheless, an official conclusion must be made by the pioneer in any case, this technique for initiative encourages him to take a more shrewd and a superior choice that may no uncertainty be helpful. This style of administration has its own impediments; it very well may be actualized just if the laborers are experienced and proficient enough to give valuable proposals to the pioneer. Delegative: This style of administration implies that the pioneer sets free his laborers to work as per their own desire. The laborers are allowed authorization by the pioneer to take their own choices and wor k the manner in which they need to. This style of initiative is restricted and actualized once in a while. This is so on the grounds that the laborers should be exceptionally gifted, experienced, dependable and have enough information so as to work themselves and settle on their own choices with no assistance and direction of their pioneer. (Authority Styles) According to me, a great chief is the one that follows up on every one of the three styles relying on the circumstance and time and the capacities of the individuals working under him. Subsequently, my style of authority is an exceptional mix of every one of the three styles of administration portrayed previously. Thusly, I can profit the organization utilizing each of the three styles. Being an IT director in the organization, I have an awesome chance to evaluate the enhanced IT experts and specialists. By utilizing the tyrant style, I can give chances to new specialists. These new specialists may be capable yet not in the lea st experienced. Thus, through my dictator style, I can spur and urge them to function admirably and in the end they will get helpful for the organization. As there is a fast turn of events and headway in the realm of data innovation, along these lines allowing to the upgraded IT laborers can profit the organization such that the new specialists have contemplated and have been prepared by the new strategies and procedures which can get a positive change and improvement the organization. Through my tyrant authority, I can guide them, clean their abilities and information and guide them so as to make

Application of Microeconomic Concepts in Personal Life

Utilization of Microeconomic Concepts in Personal Life Microeconomics includes watching the conduct of an economy to see how to disperse assets. This investigation is significant in business world since it impacts flexibly and request of merchandise and enterprises, which are utilized to set the expense of items and administrations. The two purchasers and merchants utilize the two components to settle on monetary choices. This paper will concentrate on how microeconomics ideas are applied in life.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Application of Microeconomic Concepts in Personal Life explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supply and request are seen to be the most persuasive elements concerning the expense of merchandise and enterprises. This implies if the interest of a given product is high and the gracefully of that ware isn't satisfactory to meet the market needs, at that point the expense of that thing will rise. This can be more awful if there is just one sole provider since he/she will be over powered by the expansion popular. This may make the provider get products of low quality the market and the dealers will exchange them off at the standard costs. This happens in light of the fact that the producer delivers the items in a rush. A savvy customer ought not be battled with what he/she finds in a single shop, yet ought to rather search for different spots where a similar item is being sold at sponsored cost. Rivalry among merchants favors purchasers in light of the fact that every one of them attempts to tempt the client by cutting their costs without lessening the nature of the product at a bargain. Likewise, one should be wary when making a buy and the lack of gracefully ought not be the issue. There are individuals who are known to pass judgment on the nature of a thing by its sticker price. This isn't right since merchants are out to make benefits and to them the genuine worth of a thing isn't an issue. It is accordingly imperative to assess a thing since it chooses whether it merits the expense. Many are times when the cost of a thing deceives somebody, possibly to lament later when incidentally, the thing isn't as tough as we were made to accept. Furthermore, one can't recognize a couple of shoes that was purchased at $20 from the one that cost the proprietor $50.This is on the grounds that they fill a similar need. The above situation infers that when the cost of things that we require the most goes up we should recognize elective things to fill a similar need. This is on the grounds that there is no point of purchasing a costly thing when there are other modest things that can extinguish our necessities. Be that as it may, it relies upon the monetary status of a person. Another alternative is hold up until the flexibly returns to ordinary. This is important particularly when the things being referred to are not required that much, implying that the necessities can wait.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? We should c heck whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Likewise, arranging is very valuable to both the venders and purchasers. To the purchaser preparing assists with forestalling buying things at significant expenses. For example, when schools close a parent should buy the things that his/her kid requires in the accompanying season on the grounds that around then the interest for books and other learning materials would be low. In any case, if the parent picks to hold up until when the schools are reviving, he/she would pay more for a thing that would have cost him/her less cash in the event that he/she had made the buy before. On the other hand, a brilliant dealer watches the market conduct and comprehends when the low and high season starts and gets ready sufficiently. By being proficient about changing business sector drifts a vender gets enough stock and lies in trust that the interest will shoot up and make his/her score. In microeconomics, it is the mo st intelligent individuals who keep on flourishing in any event, when conditions keep on disintegrating. Microeconomics can likewise be utilized when one plans to set up a business by assessing flexibly and request. By watching the earth, it is anything but difficult to detect an open door that is yet to be misused. This includes recognizing the necessities of the individuals around you to figure out what things you can offer to them. Going indiscriminately will make an honorable thought fizzle. A few people need to wander into organizations that have been attempted by others just in light of the fact that they know a couple of individuals who get colossal comes back from selling specific product. Because John got his riches by selling bananas by the side of the road doesn't imply that someone else will similarly prevail in a similar endeavor. It is in this manner essential to consider the market first to distinguish potential clients. The equivalent goes for individuals who wish to obtain cash from budgetary establishments. This is on the grounds that it isn't hard to get the cash, yet the premiums that will gather. Indeed, a great many people dread to obtain cash in light of these premiums. At the point when one wishes to apply for an advance, he/she should initially investigate how the cash will be reimbursed. This involves doing research on how interests have been changing before. This is on the grounds that the adjustments in interests could support borrowers and negatively affect loan specialists. This infers if the financing costs descended while you have just acquired cash from the loaning party then you will pay less cash than the expressed amount.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Application of Microeconomic Concepts in Personal Life explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In such a case, the borrower should exploit the circumstance to reimburse the advance while the rates are still low. On the off chance that the borrower wavers, the rates could increment and in this way, the sum to be reimbursed will increment. On the other hand, the borrower can apply for a credit that has a lasting loan fee since that way he/she would be advised from the adjustments in interests. Be that as it may, in the event that one needs to acquire cash when the financing costs are still high it would be prudent not to apply for a credit in such a circumstance. Changes in financing costs likewise impact interests in bonds and offers. A financial specialist can buy securities when it is theorized that the loan fees will go up later on. This is on the grounds that the profits he/she will get from those securities will be a lot more prominent than when the financing costs stayed low. In the financial exchange, it is conceivable to make benefits when the premiums are low .In such a case, a speculator buys stocks when the costs are still low and sells them when the costs acknowledge likely because of increment in loan fe es. In addition, microeconomics can be utilized in business the board to direct when an individual ought to enter or leave an endeavor. This is supposing that a business isn't bringing any benefits there is no point of working it since it will keep on drawing cash from the financial specialist as opposed to producing pay. This is normal during downturn periods. A person who is utilized should utilize the information he/she has in microeconomics to haggle for pay increment. The decrease in the estimation of a neighborhood money gives a chance to a worker to interest for wage increase in light of the fact that the pay that was once enough to meet his/her needs is not, at this point valuable. A concerned manager would comprehend this rationale much better. In the event that the business will not tune in to such contentions, at that point the worker should search for another activity that pays more while as yet working for the flow manager. In the event that the circumstance perseveres, the representative ought to distinguish methods for enduring the swelling. A portion of the methodologies incorporate disposing of some superfluous costs, for example, extravagances. On the other hand, when swelling decreases the individuals who are not utilized should expand the recurrence of looking for work since openings for work increments with decrease in expansion. At the point when swelling builds, the students who move on from learning organizations should search for methods for utilizing themselves on the grounds that the activity market will decay and managers will terminate as opposed to recruiting employees.Advertising Searching for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More For people who take part in worldwide exchange, finding out about changes in different economies would help them up their game. This is monetary air pockets that are knowledgeable about one nation are reached out to different nations that associate with it. For example, if the estimation of the US dollar rose against the estimation of Japanese yen then the individuals who import merchandise from US would acquire more expenses. Then again, sends out from Japan would be modest to the Americans. In the above expressed case, it would be legitimate for a Japanese to put resources into the US since he/she will procure returns in US dollars and he/she will get more benefit when the cash is changed over to Japanese yen. Despite what might be expected, it would be indiscreet for Americans to put legitimately in Japan in light of the fact that their speculations won't return any benefit attributable to the low estimation of the yen against the dollar. Taking everything into account, people sho uld set out to apply the standards of microeconomics since it is at exactly that point that they can settle on astute choices. Microeconomics isn't simply learned for breezing through tests, but since we need its knowledge in our everyday lives. This infers shoppers, venders, and the general population should settle on choices that depend on what they know. In the event that we as a whole applied this information properly, nobody would be punished for neglecting to pay his/her obligations in great time. Besides, information in microeconomics builds our dealing power as found on account of representatives and their mission for showing signs of improvement pay.

Causal Argument Essay Samples - Writing Powerful Arguments For College Students

Causal Argument Essay Samples - Writing Powerful Arguments For College StudentsCausal argument essay samples are very common when a student goes to college for his or her first semester. What are some of the uses of causal argument writing samples?College students are constantly being pressured into taking on more difficult classes. The pressure may be coming from parents or professors, but they need extra help to get through these tough classes. Fortunately, there are some helpful essay tips that can help.It is very important to have an argument in your college student's mind. By writing down a compelling argument you are forcing your opponent to face the facts that you have used in your argument. If you have not put in enough effort, then your opponent will come up with a counter-argument that you may have overlooked. You should be able to beat this counter-argument so that you will be able to get what you need out of the argument.Students also love to win arguments. In fact, there are several topics that cause people to try and do this. However, a college student who is fighting his or her way through a class has some special considerations. If a college student is winning the argument, his or her professor may just ask to see what the rest of the class has written. In this case, the student is encouraged to publish their argument in a magazine or newspaper as well.The more stories the student hears about another student who won a significant argument, the more motivated the student will become. By providing other students a fair chance to make a better argument, it can help with motivation. Another good thing about causal argument writing samples is that they allow the student to write a persuasive essay. Sometimes it can be hard to reach a conclusion because a lot of time is wasted arguing. However, by writing a persuasive argument, a student is less likely to lose interest. One advantage of the persuasive argument is that it is more likely to be read by t he professor and other professors around the college.Finally, you may want to think about the relationship between these powerful arguments and time management. For example, when someone argues with you and needs your help, you will want to finish the argument right away. This is much easier if the argument is in the form of a causal argument writing sample. Some of the arguments in a good argument to have a lot of sub-arguments, such as who started it, why, and who is at fault. By using causal argument writing samples, the student can really get their argument across with ease. These students will be ready to get their professor to help them write up a good argument before class even starts.Students will have more time to write a good argument if they don't have to worry about balancing it with a list of other things that have to be done. Being able to provide good examples will help students to write a powerful argument that gets them through their classes in the least amount of t ime possible. It is always best to choose a professor you would like to have in the future, and giving them a causal argument writing sample can show them why you should choose them.

Sigmund Freud A Non Reductive Materialist - 1152 Words

Sigmund Freud is a non-reductive materialist who suggests that conception of a mind is divided between its multiple agencies, the id, ego, and superego. According to Freud, psychological life is an energy system, which has several levels. Hence, energy is experienced as either pleasure or un-pleasure in human behavior. Freud argues that the primary energy source of the mind occurs in the body as instinctive drives, also called as libidinal. These instinctual drives are also known as sexual instincts, which are in a technical sense refers to primary bodily processes, or basic needs of human species. However, there are parental, social interferences, and social norms, which act as repression of instinctual drives. According to Freud, the id is unconscious, made up of instinctive drives or libidinal, subject to social interferences and driven by the pleasure principle. Therefore, id is fully and permanently unconscious. The ego is on the other hand, governed by reality principle where we adopt to our environment, natural and cultural world. It is sort of a defense mechanism that stores in unconscious state. The superego is again largely unconscious; it is a source of guilt or it is best described as conscience, acts as a moralizer, and constantly evolves with culture and community. Freud’s unconscious and conscious systems are related to different functions of the three main structures of the mind, the id, the ego, and the superego. According to Freud, the traditional idea of

Ethics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)

239 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Paper prepared by Tengku Mohd T. Sembok, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and societal issues. We are faced with complex and difficult questions regarding the freedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights, and cultural diversity. ICT is an instrumental need of all humans†¦show more content†¦ii. iii. Based on the findings, recommendations for action will be highlighted as programmes towards combating the negative aspects of the use of ICT, and towards achieving the positive results of embracing ICT culture in everyday life. 1.1 Overview Information technology is impacting all walks of life all over the world. ICT developments have made possible a transition in information storage, processing, and dissemination, from paper to virtual and from atoms to bits, which are now setting new standards of speed, efficiency, and accuracy in human activities. Computerized databases are extensively used to store all sorts of confidential data of political, social, economic or personal nature to support human activities and bringing various benefits to the society. However, the rapid development of ICT globally also has led to the growth of new forms of national and transnational crimes. These crimes have virtually no boundaries and may affect any country across the globe. 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This improvements have led to the emergence of such term as ‘Internet of Everything’, when more and more things, soon to include our clothes, are being embedded with different types of processors, electronics and sensors. While this growing network of everyday objects

Just Lather, That’s All free essay sample

In the short story, â€Å"Just Lather, That’s All†, by Hernando Tà ©llez, a barber is forced to shave a military captain that’s brutally killing hundreds of rebels. The barber, one of the rebels, considers killing the captain, but is unable to when he realizes killing Captain Torres will belittle his name as the best barber in town. If he killed Captain Torres, everyone would forget his dedication, hard work and the fact that he ignores life outside of his job and only focuses on being a phenomenal barber.When Captain Torres walks in, the barber immediately recognizes him as the man who has brutally murdered his friends and neighbors. He knows that other rebels saw the captain walk in and expect the barber to kill him, â€Å"It was likely that many of our faction had seen him enter. And an enemy under one’s roof imposes certain rules† (Tà ©llez 497). We will write a custom essay sample on Just Lather, That’s All or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The barber doesn’t want to kill Captain Torres but he also does not want his faction, the other rebels, to think he agrees with Torres. As the barber shaves the captain, he considers killing him but is unable to as he does not want to destroy his reputation as a dedicated and talented barber and be thought of as a murdering coward rather than the great barber he is, â€Å"He slit his throat while he was shaving him — a coward† (Tà ©llez 500). The barber’s identity is a great worker and he wants to be remembered as that, rather than everyone remembering him as the coward that killed Captain Torres. The barber’s reputation is essential to him and killing Torres would take that away from him.The barber just wants to do his job and be known for what he does honorably rather than killing Torres and being known as a murderer, â€Å"But I don’t want to be a murderer. You came to me for a shave. And I perform my work honorably†¦ I don’ t want blood on my hands. You are an executioner and I am only a barber† (Tà ©llez 500). When the barber states that he â€Å"perform(s) my work honorable, he is saying that only wants to do his job and that is all (Tà ©llez 500). The barber isn’t worried about everything else in the world, just about doing his job well which is shown when he exclaims â€Å"Yes, I was secretly a rebel, but I was also a conscientious barber, and proud of the precision required of my profession† (Tà ©llez 498). If he worried more about his life as a rebel, he would not be able to focus on working perfectly on every customer. The barber could not care less what was happening outside of his work, he solely focuses on shaving every customer to the best of his ability.When the barber comes into work, he focuses on just shaving and the customers do the same. When the customers walk in, they take all of their work related items off and leave them at the door which shows they aren’t worried about killin g one another, â€Å"At that moment, he took off the bullet-studded belt that his gun holster dangled from. He hung it up on the wall hook and placed his military cap over it† (Tà ©llez 496). When Captain Torres walks in, he leaves his belt and gun at the door. Him leaving his gun shows he is not worried about a having to defend himself from the barber as he knows the barber is solely focused on his job, not what is happening in the rest of the world. When Torres puts his belt back on, this represents him going back into his life outside of the barber shop: â€Å"He went to the hanger for his belt, pistol, and cap†¦ ‘They told me that you’d kill me. I came to find out.’† (Tà ©llez 500). Once a customer leaves, they go back to their lives of murder and the barber is able to avoid all of that by only worrying about shaving customers, no matter who they are: â€Å"I would be obliged to shave that beard like any other one, carefully, gently, like that of any customer, taking pains to see that no single pore emitted a drop of blood† (Tà ©llez 498 ). He goes to great measures to shave every customer perfectly, every time, no matter who it is because he wants to be remembered as a great barber. He can’t imagine having his name belittled by a single action that overshadows the thousands of perfect shaves he has done.The barber could not kill Captain Torres as he wants to be remembered as the dedicated barber that did his job to his best capabilities, to every customer, rather than the murdering coward that killed a defenseless customer. He does want to belittle his name as he worked extremely hard to be known as the best barber in town. When he shaves a customer, he doesn’t worry about what they do with the rest of their lives, just making sure that he makes no mistakes while he shaves them. Having the reputation as a great barber is a vital source of pride to him and to kill the captain would take that away from him which is why he did not kill him.

The Hobbit Essay Research Paper Title The free essay sample

The Hobbit Essay, Research Paper Title: The Hobbit Writer: J.R.R. Tolkien Puting 1. Is the puting of import to the narrative? Explain. The scene in this book has no importance to the narrative because the several different topographic points in which the character stays affects the narrative in no manner. The narrative could easy be told in a wholly different scene. Fictional characters 1. Describe the major character ( s ) . The chief character in the narrative is a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins. This is the? far-wandering? hobbit that discovered the One Ring of Power and brought it back to the Shire. Another really of import character in the narrative is Gandalf. Gandalf is a really powerful ace who sow for his fantastic escapades. He was known for donging astonishing things affecting firedrakes, barbarian wolves, elephantine spiders and worse unknown dangers. 2. Describe the minor character ( s ) . Dwalin, Balin, Kili, Fili, Dori, Nori, Ori, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, Bombur, and Thorin were all midget that helped Bilbo on his journe Y. 3. Explain which character is least sympathetic. Why? The least sympathetic character in this narrative is Bilbo. At times Bilbo can acquire really objectionable. This is because he is a hobbit. It is of course the manner that he deals with things. I foremost noticed this in the beginning of the narrative when Gandalf went to Bilbo? s house to allow Bilbo cognize hat Plot 1. Identify the major climatic action in the reading. The chief struggle in this narrative is with out inquiry the gaining of the lost hoarded wealth of the midgets hoarded by Smaug. 2. What events lead up to the flood tide? The chief manner that the flood tide is developed is by the usage of little side pursuits. In this narrative, there are many little struggles which add to the exhilaration of the narrative, such as the clip when the midgets and the hobbit are captured and taken down to the hob? s den. 3. Describe how the declaration was satisfactory or troublesome. In this narrative, the declaration of the flood tide was satisfactory because it changed the chief character for the better.

Definition and Examples of Declarative Questions

Definition and Examples of Declarative Questions A declarative question is a  yes-no question that has the form of a declarative sentence but is spoken with rising intonation at the end. Declarative sentences are commonly used in informal speech to express surprise or ask for verification. The most likely response to a declarative question is agreement or confirmation. Examples and Observations You think Im kidding you? You think its a joke to have to walk home on a clear night with an umbrella? You think that because Im quirky I dont hurt? Youve got it backward. Im quirky because I hurt.(Jack Weston as Danny in The Four Seasons, 1981)Henry Rowengartner: Wow, you ate that whole thing?Frick: Why, sure! It wasnt that much.(Rookie of the Year, 1993)This isnt working out, Jin-ho said. Were going to have to let you go.Youre firing me? she said.Yes. Ann will call you Monday re the paperwork.Youre firing me  at a bar? Outside the bathroom in a bar?â€Å"Im sorry if it doesnt suit your high standards.(Stephanie Clifford, Everybody Rise. St. Martins Press, 2015)Vivian: I was supposed to ride that barrel right out of this crummy town.Jaye: And you never considered a bus?(Barrel Bear, Wonderfalls, 2004) Declarative Questions vs. Rhetorical Questions A declarative question has the form of a statement: ​Youre leaving? but has the intonation of a question when spoken and is marked by a question mark in writing.A declarative question differs from a rhetorical question such as: Do you think I was born yesterday? in two ways:(Loreto Todd and Ian Hancock, International English Usage. Routledge, 1986) A rhetorical question has the form of a question:Was I tired?A declarative question seeks an answer. A rhetorical question requires no answer since it is semantically equivalent to an emphatic declaration:Do you think Im stupid? (i.e. Im certainly not stupid)Am I tired? (i.e. Im extremely tired.)

Progress Report. Executive Secretary at Brand House Advertising Assignment

Progress Report. Executive Secretary at Brand House Advertising Company - Assignment Example You are encouraged to keep a journal or notes to inform your reflective writing on a regular basis, adding and editing frequently. Reflection generally requires the following: 1. A specific incident 2. A referenced description of relevant theory 3. Application of the theory to the incident and identification of any gaps between theory and practice 4. Discussion of your personal learning from the incident (self-awareness) 5. The need to think critically, ‘dig deep’, to reveal insights into the incident It may help to view a situation through the eyes of someone else involved in order to investigate and, discuss the perspectives of others. Instructions for completing this document You are required to address all of the points which relate to each of the BBus Learning Goals. ... In your discussion you should: Refer to a comprehensive range of theory, concepts, models, frameworks and/or technical competencies using in-text citations where appropriate. Explain how the theory was relevant to or guided your immediate tasks, your functional area and, if relevant, to your CPO’s broader objectives. Reflect on any gaps, differences and/ or similarities between your theoretical knowledge from your major(s) and the application in practice at your placement. Discuss the significance of your role and the value that you have added to your CPO. This may include reflecting and expanding on your personal attributes, your performance in the role (with evidence) and how your role has contributed to the broader objectives of your CPO. 1. Callender (2008) and Wang (2005) pointed out that work-based-learning (WBL) gives opportunity to students to compare the implication of classroom learning in context to real world business scenario. While working in Cooperative Educatio n Placement, I got the feeling that my education in AUT has strong impact on my attitudes towards challenges in the workplace. Currently, I am working as Executive Secretary at Brand House Advertising Company and my daily works include, communicating with clients, handling their queries, preparing relational database of clients, feeding client data in SQL server, directing the coordinator to relay telephone messages and fax messages, maintaining general filing system and file all correspondence, maintaining adequate inventory of office supplies, supervising preparation for meeting, maintaining confidential documents etc. While in the University, I learnt about

Planning and conducting research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning and conducting - Research Proposal Example It usually includes interaction with potential customers regarding their work, interests, opinions, trends and buying habits as well as paying attention to customer insights for future plans regarding products and services. The purpose of market research is to: 1) know the customer needs and wants; 2) to know if the customer is satisfied with the product or need; 3) identify potential target markets; and 4) establish the best advertising strategy for a given group of customers (Bull, 1994). The purpose of this study is to determine what particular research method is deemed effective in addressing the shortcomings, from the planned success, the consortium has experienced in the past three years. As a consortium of twenty-five tour operators in the United Kingdom that sells about 100 holidays and has 6000 customers that have already placed orders in the past, it is important to know which part of the services provided by the operators is most liked and least liked by the customers. The primary aim of this paper is to determine what are the services that need to be upgraded and services that are unnecessary. This paper will try to present a method that will be able to answer the following questions. This study is operated under the quantitative paradigm wherein the survey method will be utilized in order to elicit the relevant information needed to complete research (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 1992). Besides, quantitative research plainly and distinctively specifies both the independent and the dependent variables under investigation (Matveev, 2002). It also follows resolutely the original set of research goals, arriving at more objective conclusions, determining the issues of causality and eliminates or minimises subjectivity of judgment (Kealey & Protheroe, 1996). The research variables were primarily analyzed in order to provide description on the factors that concerns the topic of the study. The variables of the study imply quantitative research wherein the data, situations, or other facts collected will be explained or correlated with other data. Basically, this research based its findings through quantitative research methods because this permits a flexible and iterative approach. Through this method, qualitative elements that do not have standard measures such as behaviour, attitudes, opinions, and beliefs are analysed. As such, the information that the informants of the study shared to the researcher will be accordingly examined, analysed and interpreted to answer the research questions presented. In order to gather the necessary data, the research will employ the survey method. The survey method will be implemented in three successive data collection procedures. These include the pretest of the questionnaire, the actual survey, and the back-checking after the analysis of the data. The pretest of the survey is necessary in order to identify possible shortcomings of the instrument that may hinder the efficient collection of valid and reliable data. On the other hand, the back-checking that will be implemented is to provide assurance that the results of the analysis are consistent with that of the available information and facts in the field. This research

Uses and Gratification Research Essay Example for Free

Uses and Gratification Research Essay The Uses and Gratifications Theory is a famous approach to understanding mass communication. It is an audience-centered approach to media study focusing on the uses to which people put media and the gratifications they seek from that use. (Baran, S. J. , Daris, D. K. , 2006) It emphasizes the audiences rather than the actual message because it more focuses on what audiences will do with the media instead of what media does to the people. Blumler and Katz’s Uses and Gratification Theory recommend media users should take a dynamic role in interpreting and integrating media into their lives because they have alternate choices to gratify their own need. (Uses and gratifications theory) They also take a dynamic part in the communication process and this are the goal oriented in their media use. Uses and Gratification Theory (UG) is a psychological communication perspective that examines on how individual use mass media for satisfy their life but not study on how media impact the audiences. It also emphasizes that motives, actions or an attitude is related to the media use and might change by individual or groups. When an audience actively seeks out for media, they are usually seeking for delight a need. An audience based on theoretical structure to select media and content that can satisfy their needs and desires. (Papacharissi, Z. , n. d. ) The needs will deliver as a motive for adopting particular medium use and this will connected to the social and psychological which make up of the individual. For example, a family may watch a TV shows for instance The American Next Top Model for their entertainment or spend some time together with their family members while some people may choose to browse an internet or look for the magazine content in order to satisfy their information needs. Audience consumes the particular media because they like what they gained from it. However, a number of mass communications scholars have argument about uses and gratifications theory is not a strict social science theory. In reality, Uses and Gratifications perspective has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the early stages of each new mass communications medium for instance television, radio internet and newspapers as well. Although scientists now are continuously using traditional tools to answer questions about the media use, but we must also be prepared to enlarge our existing theoretical models of Uses and Gratification. Besides that, the theory explains the uses and functions of the media for individuals, groups and the society. At the core of uses and gratifications theory lies the assumption that audience often seek out the mass media in order to gratify their individual needs. (Uses and gratifications approach. ) Audience plays their role differently in seeking out for the medium in order to gain their own satisfaction and needs. Furthermore, medium will be used more when the current motives to use the medium leads to more satisfaction and happiness. Development Uses and Gratifications Theory first advanced in the 1940s by Lazarsfeld and Stanton (1944), attempts to describe the reason of people use on mass media, and also the different kinds of satisfaction they receive from mass media. Gratifications are happiness, satisfactions and rewards, as a result of you meet a specific goal or desire. â€Å"The theory relies on the belief that the audience is not merely a group of passive media consumers, but that they play an active role in selecting different media to meet their needs. (Infante, Rancer Womack, 1997; Lowery De Fleur, 1983) An audience has freedom to choose what media they prefer. For instances, read for newspaper or browser a website in order to meet their desires and goals. In 1944, Herta Herzog researches on the media gratifications and found that there are three major type of gratification towards the radio soup opera which are merely for emotional release, enjoyment for wishful thinking and getting advice from the listening to daytime serial. (Baran, S. J. , Daris, D. K. 2006) In 1961, Wilbur Schramm along with his associates did studies on children and TV which proved that this particular audience was active. It is not the TV lead to an effect on the passive viewers but children selected and watched TV programming in order to satisfy their three needs. There were the need for entertainment, the need for information and the need for social utility. (DeFleur, M. L. , 2010) During 1970s, some media researchers aware that the activeness people of using the media will determine the degree of the effect on that person. For example when a person think that the book have a particular effect on him/her, he/she will work to induce that effect rather than the book induce the learning effect on the person. (Baran, S. J. , Daris, D. K. , 2006) Furthermore, Rubin (1986) stated two underlying presumptions of the uses and gratifications model which explains how people are motivated by a desire to gratify certain needs and also how the audience uses media rather than how the media uses us. Besides, understanding audience consumption patterns will improve understanding of media effect impacts toward audiences. In two separate studies in 1979 1983, Rubin identified six major uses of television for children and adolescents are learning, passing time or habit, companionship, escape, arousal, and relaxation and for adult are passing time, information, entertainment, companionship, and escape. † Five basic assumptions of Uses and Gratification Theory As Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch give explanation in the book â€Å"Mass Communication Research†, there are five basic assumptions in Uses and Gratifications Theory. (Spring, E. R. 2002) The first assumption is â€Å"the audience is conceived as active. † This idea emphasizes the viewers are goal-oriented and tries to achieve their goals from the media source. This directly reflects the needs of the audience member in gaining the media source. Second basic assumption is â€Å"in the mass communication process much initiative in linking need gratification and media choice lies with the audience member. † This assumption ex plains people use media for their own advantage rather than the media uses them. The receiver confirms what is going to absorb and does not allow the media to influence their mind because the individual opinion is more powerful than what media is portraying. The third basic assumption is â€Å"the media competes with other sources of need satisfaction. † This assumption emphasizes on each individual has different needs and desires. By fulfilling their needs and desires, they have to create a wide range of choices in order to meet these needs. The forth basic assumption which is â€Å"many of the goals media use can be derived from data supplied by the individual audience members themselves. People are very responsive and alert about their motives, choices and able to explain their motives verbally as well. The final basic assumption which is â€Å"value judgments about cultural significance of mass communication should be suspended while audience operations are explored on their own terms. † The theorists believe the audience would able to find out the value from the media content. It is the individual audience members who make the decision to view the particular media. Therefore, they place the value on it by their individual decision to view it. Katz, E. , Blumber, J. G. , Gurevitch, M. , 1974) These basic assumptions provide a framework for understanding the exact correlation between the media and the viewers. Lastly, it provides a distinction as to how the audience is more or less active and the consequences of their involvement in the media as a whole. Literature Review on the Key Findings in the New Era The uses and gratifications theory has been widely used for the studies of Internet as well as Social networking system used. As cited by Hetzog, Katz. 1974), UG suggested that people are consciously choosing the medium that can satisfy their needs and they can recognize their reasons for making that media choices. Maddox (1998) found that the main purpose of people using internet is to gather different type of information which is supported by Lin (2001) that people who need information reception are more likely to use the online services. According to Blumler Katz, (1974), Lasswell suggested that media fulfilled the needs for surveillance, correlation, entertainment and cultural transmission both for individuals and society. The reason for internet usage also associated with entertainment oriented gratification. (Lin, 1996). According to Urista, M. A. , Dong Q. , Day, K. D. (n. d. ), the Wollfradt and Doll Internet Motivation Scale comprise three underlying motives for using the Internet: information, interpersonal communication, and entertainment (Matsuba, 2006, p. 278). A 1995 study of college students Internet usage resulted in six motivational categories: entertainment, social interaction, passing the time, escape, information, and Web site preference (Kaye, 1998, p. 4). Stafford and Gonier (2004) have identified several gratifications from Internet use that motivate users’ behaviors. These include web searching, the acquisition of information, the ability to engage in interpersonal communication, and socialization. As cited by Soh, C. H. (2010), Jaafar and Sulaiman (2005) concluded that entertainment is the primary online activity of home computer users in Malaysia. As the Social network system is more and more popular, there are scholars who investigate it based on uses and gratification theory. As cited by Urista, M. A. , Dong Q. , Day, K. D. (n. d. ), Starkman (2007) has demonstrated that motivations for using the Internet are primarily caused by desires for â€Å"relaxation, fun, encouragement, and status† (p. 211). Ray (2007) explored the multifunctional uses of SNS for simultaneously fulfilling entertainment, information, surveillance, diversion and social utility needs. According to Raacke, J. , Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008), for those who have the Facebook account, many uses and gratifications are met such as keeping in touch with friends. For those who do not have Facebook account, the result indicated failed uses and gratifications for not having a friend-networking site. According to a comparative study between Australia and the Netherlands research, SNS are a very effective means for building and maintaining relationships. Many participants acknowledged that SNS make staying in touch with friends much more convenient, which in turn, increases their motivation for maintaining relationships through communication on SNS. It also showed that there is a link between internet addiction and eroticism Sex differences did occur when comparing uses and gratifications for users. However, sex differences were not found for the most popular uses and gratifications, indicating that in general men and women meet the same needs by using the sites. As cited by Wong, F. M. , Lean, M. L. , Fernandez, P. R. (2011), Hirst (2009) mentioned that SNS usage among females is more social relationship-oriented while the use of SNS among male respondents is outcome-oriented. Pros and its Criticism The Uses and Gratification theory is concerned that how people use media for gratification of their needs. Choices of the media for the media users are increasing, this approach is to direct the media’s attention to the audience. The Uses and Gratification theory bring advantages and disadvantages to people in their daily life. Nowadays, media become more and more important in our daily life. Advantages of the Uses and gratifications theory is this theory is one of the communication model which is more positive views of the media. This is because this theory posits the users have complete control over what kind media that they want to use, how they use it and what the effects on them. The uses and gratification theory reminds the media that people are using media for many purposes. As media users become increasingly confronted with choices, this theory should direct media’s attention to the audience. (Suresh, 2003) Based on the Lull’s television research, found that families used television for communication facilitation, relationship building, intimacy and for structuring the day. (Suresh, 2003) The researchers have found out four kinds of gratifications. The first information, people want to know about what is happening in the society and the world to satisfy their curiosity. The second is personal identity, people willing to look for models for their behaviors. This can help people to decide what is the feeling about themselves and if the media view the same behaviors, that mean the media is also agree with their behaviors so they will feel successful and feel better about themselves. Next is integration and social interaction. People use the media to find out more about the circumstances of other people, by watching a show may help the people to empathize the lives of others. The last is as entertainment, people sometimes use media for relaxing, enjoyment or sometimes just to fill time. Uses and gratification is useful for studying the motives and usage pattern of computer game players. (Hou, 2011. ) This research framework assumes the majority of people choose the particular communications is to satisfy their needs and interests. Gamers that with different social backgrounds and demographic always had different expectations and uses of the same media. (Hou, 2011. ) The uses and gratification theory is well fitted for studying the interactive of playing game. It provides principle for the gamers to gain insight on the impact of game experiences, the role of players’ choices and actions and their usage pattern when playing game. The uses and gratification theory have some limitations. There are three major criticisms of the users and gratification theory. (Littlejohn, 1989, P. 276) The first argument is due to the lack of coherence and it is non-theoretical. Although a more unified vision is emerging, some uses and gratification researchers are developing a theory that connects this work with another kindred program on dependency theory. Based on the researcher, Blmber said that â€Å"The nature of the theory underlying uses and gratifications research is not totally clear. † (Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch, 1974) There is confusion between gratification and satisfaction of people, whether people is only seek what they want or enjoy it. (Littlejohn, 2002) The second criticism is focusing on social and political objections. This problem is because the uses and gratification is so focuses on media functional role and ignores its dysfunctions in the society. People view media positively which can meet their needs, but they do not pay attention to the overall negative effects of media in the society. Many people criticised that the uses and gratification theory as they believed that the public actually do not control on the media and what it produces. Media do not need to take responsibility for what they produce because public is too kind to the media. Although there are many choices available for the users, they actually do not have the control over the media about what the media produces. The information that obtained by the users is solely prepared by gatekeepers and the information may already include the influences and perception of the gatekeepers. (Littlejohn, 2002) Last there is argument said that uses and gratification theory make media consumption behavioristic and individualistic. Uses and gratification theory has criticized as â€Å"vulgar gratification† which is highly individualistic nature. It only focused in the individual psychological gratification derived from individual media uses. Individuals are believed to control their media-consuming behavior according to conscious goals. (Littlejohn, 1989, P. 276) As mentioned above, people will not pay attention towards the ways to form media content and reflect the cultural values. Zillman, Denis McQuail showed one of the weaknesses of the uses and gratification theory is that the mood of people will affect their media choice. People choose what contexts to view or depend on their mood or feelings. For example, boredom encourages for choosing the exciting context, stress encourages the choice of relaxing context. Therefore, it is argue that the uses and gratification theory is often too individualistic, so it is too difficult to predict beyond the people. Some analysts have doubted the accuracy of self-reports on the uses and gratifications obtained from the media. They argue that such an approach is too simplistic, underestimate the complexity of human motivation. Self-reports are based on personal memory which can be problematic (Nagel et al. , 2004). This is because the respondents might not recall exactly how they behaved in media use which in turn distort accuracy of the study.

Is Huck Finn A Racist Book :: Essays Papers

Is Huck Finn A Racist Book Controversial in death as he was in life, Mark Twain has been seriously accused by some of being a "racist writer," whose writing is offensive to black readers, perpetuates cheap slave-era stereotypes, and deserves no place on today's bookshelves. To those of us who have drunk gratefully of Twain's wisdom and humanity, such accusations are ludicrous. But for some people they clearly touch a raw nerve, and for that reason they deserve a serious answer. Let's look at the book that is most commonly singled out for this criticism, the novel that Ernest Hemingway identified as the source of all American literature: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For Twain's critics, the novel is racist on the face of it, and for the most obvious reason: many characters use the word "nigger" throughout. But since the action of the book takes place in the south twenty years before the Civil War, it would be amazing if they didn't use that word. A closer reading also reveals Twain's serious satiric intent. In one scene, for instance, Aunt Sally hears of a steamboat explosion. "Good gracious! anybody hurt?" she asks. "No'm," comes the answer. "Killed a nigger." But anyone who imagines that Mark Twain meant this literally is missing the point. Rather, Twain is using this casual dialogue ironically, as a way to underscore the chilling truth about the old south, that it was a society where perfectly "nice" people didn't consider the death of a black person worth their notice. To drive the point home, Twain has the lady continue: "Well, it's lucky, because sometimes people do get hurt." That's a small case in point. But what is the book really about? It's about nothing less than freedom and the quest for freedom. It's about a slave who breaks the law and risks his life to win his freedom and be reunited with his family, and a white boy who becomes his friend and helps him escape. Because of his upbringing, the boy starts out beli eving that slavery is part of the natural order; but as the story unfolds he wrestles with his conscience, and when the crucial moment comes he decides he will be damned to the flames of hell rather than betray his black friend. And Jim, as Twain presents him, is hardly a caricature. Rather, he is the moral center of the book, a man of courage and nobility, who risks his freedom -- risks his life -- for the sake of his friend Huck.

Moral matters Essay

PRAYER is the center for Jesus. Religion has two aspects: On the one hand it maintains certain standards of conduct, on the other it affirms certain beliefs about the ultimate nature of the universe. It is prayer which connects the two. Without it the one of these would be ethics, and the other would be theology. Prayer makes them elements in religion. In prayer the individual brings together God, life’s ideal values, and himself. It is evident from the gospels that Jesus believed in prayer, told men to pray, and prayed himself. Mark narrates how early in the morning before others are about he withdraws to the desert to pray (Mark 1:35). Late in the evening after teaching the multitudes all day he goes into a mountain to pray (Mark 6:46). The hours before the arrest are spent in prayer. Luke is particularly interested in the prayers of Jesus, and adds to Mark’s account various other references. At the time of the baptism, when the heavens opened and he saw the vision, he was praying (Mark 14:32). When the multitudes crowded upon him after the healing of the leper, â€Å"he withdrew into the deserts and prayed (Luke 3:21). † Before choosing the Twelve, and before he asked the disciples what they thought of himself, he was in prayer (Luke 5:16). The Transfiguration occurred when he was at prayer (Luke 6:12, 9:18). The request of the disciples, â€Å"Lord, teach us to pray,† was made at the close of one of his periods of prayer (Luke 9:28). Some of these may be editorial additions in order to provide settings for sayings or incidents where the actual occasion had been forgotten, but there can be no doubt that they represent an authentic record of the practice of Jesus. One notices immediately several facts about these acts of prayer. In the first place, a considerable number of them occur at times of decision and crisis. Important junctures and turning points in Jesus’ career were approached after long periods of silent meditation and prayer. In the second place, one notes that prayer was for Jesus a refreshing and invigorating experience. From the turmoil, confusion, and fatigue of dealing with the multitudes he sought refuge in withdrawals for quiet prayer. His words to his disciples show what these retreats meant to himself. â€Å"Come ye yourselves apart into a desert place and rest awhile,† he said when they returned telling of their strenuous campaign through the cities and villages of Galilee (Guignebert 67). Such experiences of rest, reflection, and prayer Jesus himself had found necessary in order to carry on the spiritually and emotionally exhausting undertaking in which he was engaged. Such a practice of prayer throws valuable light on Jesus’ own religion. In spite of his clarity of mind and intuitive understanding of religious and moral matters, in spite too of his independence and the authority with which he taught, it is evident that Jesus had no sense of religious self-sufficiency and personal adequacy. His intuitive moral judgments and his consciousness of authority to proclaim God’s will were rather the results of these hours in which he sought to ascertain the purposes of God and to be led by him. If one should ask what Jesus taught about prayer, it must be answered that he gave very little definite teaching. There were certain things he said about it, but he gave no set rules or systematic directions for prayer. To him it was an intensely personal thing, and never to be reduced to form or ritual. Professor Bundy, speaking of Jesus’ retreats for the purpose of prayer, remarks that there was no regularity about these retreats. â€Å"They were in no sense a part of a prayer system. For Jesus prayer was not a traditional religious exercise to be engaged in and observed at certain set hours, but the spontaneous impromptu practice of an intense personal piety. † Indeed one learns more about prayer as Jesus practiced it from his own prayers recorded in the gospels than from any instructions he gave about praying. By putting together precept and practice one can learn something of his conception of prayer and the objects for which he thought men should pray (Taylor 145-50). First and foremost should be placed the fact that Jesus repeatedly and in the strongest possible language urged his hearers to pray. â€Å"Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you: for every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened. Or what man is there of you, who, if his son ask for a loaf, will he give him a stone; or if he ask for a fish, will he give him a serpent? If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father who is in heaven give good things to them that ask him? † (Matt. 7: 11) On other occasions he was even more emphatic. â€Å"If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed,† he said in extreme illustration, â€Å"ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be impossible unto you. † By such words he tried to impress upon his hearers that God gives heed to prayer. For he knew that the reason men do not pray is that they do not believe that anything will be accomplished by it. God does hear and answer the prayer of faith. To Jesus prayer was not a process of autosuggestion or a devotional ritual with subjective values, but an actual source of power for accomplishment (Pannenberg 267)

3 Three Things I Believe - 887 Words

Man is what he believes. is one rule we should all live by, Anton Chekhov, a short story author lived by this and preached it to everyone he met. Each person in this world believes in something or someone, for every high school student, there is a younger middle or elementary school student, who looks up to and believes in that high school student. They will model their life after the high school students , trying as hard as they can to be what they believe. I too model my life on three basic things that I believe; God helps us every day, we can do anything and the power of technology. The first thing I believe helps all of us in our everyday lives is God and the power of prayer. I strongly believe that God works in each and every†¦show more content†¦I vigorously believe there is never a reason to say can t. When someone says they can t do something it implies they have a negative attitude toward themselves, and that they don t want to try. With a little hard work and effort, anything can be done. Last year, before the junior high football season started, all of the freshman got together and agreed that we would do everything in our power to be better than the junior high varsity team was the previous year winning only three games. After a season filled with a great deal of hard work and dedication our team was the first team in over 20 years to beat Manheim Central, and one of the few to few from Cocalico to ever go undefeated. We succeeded in this way for two simple reasons; our coaches would never let us use the word ‘can t and we were expected t o live by one simple rule, that with a little hard work and effort anything can be done. Scientists live by that same rule everyday, always believing anything can be done. This is why I believe the evolving world of technology is the future for just about everything from how we live our lives and the things we do for fun to jobs and careers. What would we do without technology, there would be no NASA, IBM, Microsoft or computers for that matter. Technology helps us in ways we don t even thinkShow MoreRelatedThe Logical Problem Of Evil Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper I will discuss the logical problem of evil and how it seems to reject the existence of God as an omni-3 being. I will first layout the logical problem of evil, and then I will explain why it succeeds in disproving the existence of God. I do this through pointing out the contradictions between the definition of God as an omni-3 being and the problem of redeemed and unredeemed evil. As well as by proving that admittance of evil in any way when in reference to the choices of God invalidatesRead MoreTaking a Look at Nicomachean Ethics957 Words   |  4 PagesNicomachean Ethics I chose to write about Aristotle and his beliefs about how the virtuous human being needs friends from Book VIII from Nicomachean Ethics. 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